Kymriah Cell Therapy of CAR-T
Kymriah Cell Therapy of CAR-T
Kymriah, also known by its generic name tisagenlecleucel, is a groundbreaking cell therapy used to treat certain types of blood cancers. Developed by Novartis, Kymriah is a type of CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell) therapy, which involves genetically modifying a patient’s own T cells to target and kill cancer cells.
How Kymriah Works
1.Collection: T cells are collected from the patient’s blood through a process called leukapheresis.
2.Modification: The collected T cells are sent to a manufacturing facility where they are genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). This receptor allows the T cells to recognize and bind to a specific protein (CD19) found on the surface of cancer cells.
3.Expansion: The modified T cells are then multiplied to create a sufficient number of cells.
4.Infusion: The engineered T cells are infused back into the patient, where they seek out and destroy cancer cells expressing the CD19 protein.
Indications
Kymriah is approved for the treatment of:
– Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Specifically, it is used for patients up to 25 years of age with B-cell precursor ALL that is refractory or in second or later relapse.
– Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): It is indicated for adult patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL after two or more lines of systemic therapy.
Benefits
– Personalized Treatment: Since Kymriah uses the patient’s own T cells, it is a highly personalized form of therapy.
– Efficacy: Clinical trials have shown significant response rates, with some patients achieving complete remission.
– Long-Term Effects: Some patients have experienced durable responses, meaning the therapeutic effects can last for a significant period.
Risks and Side Effects
– Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): A potentially severe side effect where the immune system becomes overactive, leading to high fevers and low blood pressure.
– Neurologic Toxicities: These can include confusion, seizures, and encephalopathy.
– Other Side Effects: These may include infections, low blood cell counts, and allergic reactions.
Monitoring and Support
Patients receiving Kymriah require close monitoring due to the risk of severe side effects. Treatment centers administering Kymriah are specially certified and have protocols in place to manage potential complications.
Conclusion
Kymriah represents a significant advancement in the field of cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients with certain types of blood cancers who have exhausted other treatment options. Its development marks a milestone in personalized medicine and the use of genetic engineering to combat disease.