**China’s CAR-T Therapy Brings Complete Remission for Primary Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patient**

**China’s CAR-T Therapy Brings Complete Remission for Primary Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patient**

Multiple Myeloma

#MultipleMyeloma #CARTtherapy #BloodCancer #CompleteRemission #CART

    Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant blood disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells, which causes damage to vital organs. Patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities like 17p deletion, t(4;14) translocation, and t(14;16) translocation face an even worse prognosis. While new drugs like proteasome inhibitors and autologous stem cell transplantation have improved MM treatment outcomes, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) continues to be a challenge due to its aggressive nature and tendency to relapse. Despite the use of traditional therapies, many patients either fail to respond or cannot tolerate further treatment due to underlying health issues.

    CAR-T cell therapy, a novel immunotherapy that re-engineers the patient’s own T cells to attack cancer cells, has shown remarkable results in RRMM patients. It offers an alternative for patients who have poor tolerance to conventional treatments, presenting a safer and more effective option. In particular, Equecabtagene Autoleucel, a CAR-T therapy targeting the BCMA antigen on myeloma cells, has demonstrated success in treating patients unresponsive to frontline therapies.

### Case Study: High-Risk MM Patient Achieves Complete Remission

A 45-year-old male patient diagnosed with high-risk multiple myeloma in June 2023 sought further treatment at our hospital after failing to respond to chemotherapy. He had a history of coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, and kidney artery stenosis, making traditional therapies less effective and risky.

    Upon evaluation, the patient’s tests indicated κ-type M protein and abnormal free light chains (FLC-κ of 2410.5mg/L). Imaging scans revealed extensive bone damage caused by multiple myeloma. Genetic testing showed high-risk markers including 17p deletion and 1q21 amplification, further complicating his prognosis.

    Given his high-risk status and poor response to standard treatments, the medical team decided to proceed with CAR-T cell therapy using Equecabtagene Autoleucel. After a smooth cell collection and lymphodepletion process, the patient received CAR-T infusion on November 15, 2023.

### Treatment Outcome and Safety

Eight days after infusion, the patient developed a mild fever, indicating cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which was effectively managed with symptomatic treatment. Despite mild kidney dysfunction and temporary blood cell reductions, no severe side effects or neurotoxicities occurred. By day 42, the patient developed a lung infection, which was treated with antibiotics, leading to a full recovery.

    At the one-month follow-up, flow cytometry showed no minimal residual disease (MRD), confirming the patient had achieved complete remission (CR) with MRD negativity. This outcome was particularly significant considering the patient’s failure to respond to previous treatments.

### A Promising Future for High-Risk MM Patients

This case highlights the potential of CAR-T cell therapy, particularly Equecabtagene Autoleucel, in achieving deep remission for high-risk multiple myeloma patients who fail to respond to conventional therapies. With ongoing advancements in biomedical technology and immunotherapy, CAR-T treatments offer hope for RRMM patients, providing longer disease-free survival and improved quality of life.

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