Unlocking the Potential: Understanding TIL Therapy for Solid Tumors
🔍 Unlocking the Potential: Understanding TIL Therapy for Solid Tumors🧬
💡What is TIL therapy?🧬
According to the immune editing theory, during the process of tumor development, the body’s immune cells always play a role in killing tumor cells. Different immune cells (mainly lymphocytes) are transported to the tumor site, and these lymphocytes that have infiltrated into the tumor tissue and exerted cytotoxic effects are called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages, and various mononuclear and multinuclear immune cells, which can recognize, resist, attack, and kill tumors.
TIL therapy belongs to Cellular Immunotherapy, which is a method of treating using immunocytes that are activated, proliferated, or genetically engineered. The main steps include isolating specific immune-active cells (including T cells, NK cells, DC cells, and macrophages) from tumor patients, genetic modification or amplification in vitro, functional identification, and finally, returning for treatment.
Cancer Development
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TIL therapy refers to isolating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from tumor tissue, culturing them in vitro, expanding them massively, and then reinfusing them into the body for treatment.
TIL Therapy
🔬 The main routine steps of TIL therapy include:
1. Obtaining patient tumor tissue: mainly obtained through surgery or biopsy to include TIL cells.
2. Grinding tumor tissue: This step makes it easier for T lymphocytes to grow and expand from tumor tissue.
3. Adding interleukin-2 (IL-2) for cultivation: After adding a high concentration of IL-2, on the one hand, it provides survival signals for existing TIL cells, and on the other hand, stimulates larger-scale proliferation.
4. Conducting tumor-specific recognition testing: By conducting tumor-specific recognition testing on TIL cells, screening for TIL preparation processes that can more specifically kill tumors to ensure treatment effectiveness.
5. Reinfusion of expanded TIL cells for treatment: Reinfusing expanded and screened TIL cells into the patient’s body to achieve the treatment goal.
💪Characteristics of TIL therapy:
1. Rich in tumor-specific targets: TIL cells naturally infiltrate tumor sites and naturally have TCR clones capable of recognizing multiple tumor-specific antigens. Therefore, after cultivation and expansion, they can recognize and target multiple tumor antigens, thereby overcoming tumor heterogeneity and achieving broad-spectrum killing of cancer cells.
2. Good tumor tropism and strong infiltration ability: TIL cells have successfully infiltrated tumor tissue before and have a chemokine expression profile more related to peripheral blood T cells. Therefore, after reinfusion into the body, they will be attracted by tumor-related chemokines to better reach and infiltrate tumor tissue.
3. High safety and low cytotoxicity: TIL cells are immune cells already present in human tumor tissue and have undergone screening during early thymic development. Therefore, after reinfusion, they will not exert cytotoxic effects on other cells in the human body, demonstrating high safety. No major side effects have been observed since the development of TIL therapy.
🌟Therefore, TIL therapy is considered one of the most competitive and industrialized potential immunocyte therapy methods in the field of solid tumors. The approval of the world’s first TIL therapy for solid tumor treatment once again confirms this.
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