China Leads the CAR-T Therapy Revolution, Reshaping the Treatment Landscape of Large B-Cell Lymphoma—2024 CSCO Annual Meeting

**China Leads the CAR-T Therapy Revolution, Reshaping the Treatment Landscape of Large B-Cell Lymphoma—2024 CSCO Annual Meeting**

CSCO

#CSCO #CSCO2024 #Lymphoma #CART #LBCL #RRLBCL #ChinaCAR-T

At the 27th Annual Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Conference, held in Xiamen, China, CAR-T therapy took center stage as a key focus for the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). As a Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, this innovative approach is revolutionizing the treatment of relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL), offering new hope for patients where traditional therapies have been less effective.

### Breakthroughs in CAR-T Therapy for LBCL

As a major innovation in immunotherapy, CAR-T therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in treating R/R LBCL. Clinical data indicates that about one-third of R/R LBCL patients can achieve long-term remission or even cure through CAR-T therapy. Notably, Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel), developed by Fosun Kite Biotechnology, is the first domestically approved CD19-targeted autologous CAR-T product in China. Six-year follow-up results revealed that the two-year overall survival rate was 50.5%, and the six-year lymphoma event-free survival rate was 33.5%.

Meanwhile, Relma-cel, a CAR-T product independently developed by JW Therapeutics in China, has also achieved impressive results. Two-year follow-up data showed a median duration of response of 20.3 months, further highlighting China’s growing research and manufacturing strength in the CAR-T therapy field.

### CAR-T Therapy Expands from Third-Line to Second-Line Use

While CAR-T therapy was initially used only for patients who had failed multiple lines of treatment, it is now being increasingly applied in second-line settings. Recent studies have shown that CAR-T therapy outperforms traditional high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in certain patient groups. For example, the ZUMA-7 study demonstrated that Axi-cel significantly improved event-free survival (EFS) for LBCL patients treated in the second-line setting, with a median EFS of 8.3 months, compared to 2 months in the ASCT group.

As more research progresses, CAR-T therapy has been recommended by leading clinical guidelines, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), for use in patients with primary refractory or early relapsing LBCL. This shift underscores CAR-T’s growing role in earlier stages of treatment, providing more therapeutic options for patients.

### Challenges and Future Prospects

In the exploration of CAR-T as a first-line treatment, promising results are beginning to emerge. The ZUMA-12 study evaluated the use of Axi-cel in high-risk LBCL patients in the first-line setting, with a three-year follow-up showing an overall survival rate of 90.6%. These findings suggest that CAR-T therapy could become an important treatment option for high-risk patients even in the first-line setting.

### China’s Leading Role in CAR-T Therapy

China is rapidly emerging as a global leader in the development and commercialization of CAR-T therapy. With domestically developed products like Axi-cel and Relma-cel achieving significant progress both in China and globally, China’s competitive edge in this field is becoming increasingly evident. As the technology matures and more clinical data are released, the future of CAR-T therapy in LBCL treatment looks exceptionally bright.

The 2024 CSCO Annual Meeting showcased China’s strong commitment to advancing CAR-T therapy. As breakthroughs and challenges coexist, CAR-T therapy is poised to continue playing a critical role in the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma, with China leading the way in this global medical revolution.

To assess whether the condition is suitable for CAR-T therapy, you can submit pathology reports, treatment history, and discharge summaries to the Medical Department of <Advanced Medicine in China> for preliminary evaluation!

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